Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, driving the need for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic solutions. Among the most promising breakthroughs in oncology is the study of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These rare cells, shed from primary or metastatic tumors and found in the bloodstream, hold immense potential for early cancer detection, personalized treatment, and monitoring disease progression. Unlike regular or traditional biopsies, which are invasive and mostly limited to a single site, CTC analysis offers a non-invasive ‘liquid biopsy’ that is able to provide real-time insights into the tumor dynamics. This allows for early cancer detection, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.
As the global demand for precision medicine grows, numerous companies are pioneering innovative technologies to isolate, detect, and analyze CTCs. This blog explores the science behind CTCs, their clinical applications, and the key players driving this transformative field forward.
CTCs are cancer cells that detach from a primary tumor and enter the bloodstream, potentially leading to the formation of metastatic tumors in distant organs. Their presence in the blood is rare, often as few as 1 CTC among billions of normal blood cells, making their detection and analysis a significant technical challenge. Unlike traditional biopsies, which require invasive procedures, CTC analysis through liquid biopsy allows real-time monitoring of cancer dynamics with minimal patient discomfort.
Recent advancements in CTC detection and isolation technology primarily focus on microfluidic devices, nanotechnology-based approaches, and improved antibody-based targeting, allowing for more sensitive and specific capture of rare CTCs within a blood sample. This enables early cancer detection and monitoring of treatment efficacy. Key methods include size-based separation, immunomagnetic capture, and the use of specialized microfluidic chips with unique designs to isolate CTCs from other blood cells efficiently. Below, we’ve listed some of the major advancements in CTCs:
Microfluidic Devices
Nanotechnology
Antibody-Based Targeting
Headquarters: Castel Maggiore, Italy
Established: 2006
Technology: CellSearch System
Menarini Silicon Biosystems is a private biotechnology company that is a subsidiary of the Menarini Group. The company offers rare cell technologies and solutions for clinical researchers. It uses EpCAM-based immunomagnetic separation for CTC enrichment. It was one of the first FDA-approved CTC detection platforms for metastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer.
Headquarters: Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Established: 1976
Technology: Exosome Diagnostics & CTC Analysis
Bio-Techne Corporation is a U.S.-based life sciences firm that creates, produces, and markets life science reagents, tools, and services aimed at research, diagnostics, and bioprocessing sectors. They develop exosome and CTC-based liquid biopsy assays for early cancer detection. The company offers RNA and protein profiling of CTCs to identify therapeutic targets.
Headquarters: Venlo, Netherlands (Corporate Headquarters)
Established: 1984
Technology: AdnaTest
QIAGEN is a biotechnology company that provides sample-to-insight solutions for customers. They also offer data visualization and mapping tools to help researchers analyze complex data sets. They are a leading player in the molecular profiling of CTCs for precision oncology. The company provides high-sensitivity PCR-based assays to detect and characterize CTCs.
Headquarters: Surrey Research Park, England
Established: 1994
Technology: Parsortix System
ANGLE plc is a biotechnology company that specializes in liquid biopsy technology and medical devices. Their Parsortix System is a microfluidic-based CTC isolation technology that captures CTCs based on size and deformability. The company's main product is the Parsortix cell separation system, which is used to capture cells from blood. Their technology is used extensively in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer research.
Headquarters: Seattle, Washington, USA
Established: 2009
Technology: AccuCyte-CyteFinder System
RareCyte is a precision biology firm that has created technologies and comprehensive, integrated platforms that facilitate progress in oncology, immuno-oncology, maternal-fetal health, and cell and gene therapy. Their AccuCyte-CyteFinder System is a high-precision CTC imaging and molecular analysis platform. It supports multi-marker CTC profiling for therapy selection.
CTCs have emerged as a game-changing tool in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. With non-invasive liquid biopsy techniques, oncologists can now monitor disease progression, detect drug resistance, and tailor personalized treatments. While challenges remain, continuous technological advancements and AI-driven approaches are set to revolutionize the future of cancer management. As research progresses, CTCs are poised to become mainstream diagnostic tools, enabling earlier cancer detection and improved patient outcomes.